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Friday, September 12, 2025

Our Scotch-Irish Whitsitt Line: Part 2 - From NC to TX

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Part 2: From NC to TX

I haven't been able to work on this as often as I would like lately and so it's taken me a long time to get to the point of being ready to publish these Whitsitt line posts. That said, it didn't help that I pretty much started my history in the 1500s and finally ended it in the 1930s. That was A LOT of material to cover, and I eventually realized I had to split this post into two. But I didn't feel like I knew what the middle was until I knew what the end was, and so I still wrote the whole rough draft first. Sigh. Getting on with it though, we left our Whitsetts (who were by now sometimes going as Whitsitt) in the NC of the 1760s as the Regulator Insurrection was about to begin. (Link to Part 1 - From Ireland to PA & NC).

The Regulator Movement in NC

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Still hemmed in by the Appalachian Mountains as they were, the Scotch-Irish of NC in the 1760s were experiencing many of the same land price increases that their counterparts in Lancaster and Cumberland County, PA were. In NC, however, the situation was made even worse by the serious drought conditions of the 1750s that led to a severe economic depression. Many farmers fell into debt during this time, and some lost their land as a result. Between 1755-1765, the number of debtors brought before the courts in Orange Co. increased 11-fold. This fact may help to explain why our John Whitsitt, Sr. was willing to sell his large and well positioned land holding near the town of Salisbury in 1761, for a much smaller, cheaper plot in the more rural backcountry of Orange Co., just north of Hillsboro. But the economic situation became further inflamed by the political corruption that existed regarding taxes in the rural western NC counties at that time. Due to their distance from the state political powers further east, there was very little governmental oversight of local officials the farther west one traveled. As such, the back country Sheriffs and Justices of the Peace (usually wealthy, elite plantation owners) were easily able to manipulate taxation and other legal affairs to their favor. Extortion and embezzlement were rampant, and the majority of the back country residents felt that their tax payments were being squandered to support the rich. Eventually they began to protest and demand "a true regulation with our officers.", leading to the name "Regulators".

Governor Tryon and the Regulators; an engraving by A. Bollet Co.

The situation got worse in 1765 after the previous Governor Dobbs died, and England appointed Lieutenant-General William Tryon in his place. Having obtained this position mainly through his family connections, Tyron was worried of losing the support of those in power for his new position, and thus became complicit in upholding the corrupt tactics of rural officials. Eventually, taxes were so high that people simply could not pay them, and they began to refuse to comply. So, the government began to seize their cattle and horses instead, but at a value that far outweighed the unpaid taxes owed (Ref. 37, p.3, p.24). A series of heated court cases began that would come to a head on 24 Sep 1770 in Hillsborough itself, when a mob of Regulators entered the courthouse, took hold of those they deemed corrupt, and drug them out through the streets. Though they were eventually caught, many lawyers and judges fearfully fled in response, and Govenor Tyron was finally forced to step in and settle the matter permanently several months later. But we'll get to more about that in a bit.

The execution of James Few in Hillsboro on 19 Jun 1771. Taking place on the eve of the Revolutionary War, The War of Regulation was one of a number of violent outbreaks in response to the oppressive acts of British officials on the American settlers.

Our Whitsett/Whitsitt Family

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Our ancestor, John Whitsett, Sr., chose to leave the area about 2 years before this Hillsboro confrontation. Land cession by the Creek (Muscogee) and Cherokee in 1763 opened up land in Georgia along Brier Creek between the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers (Ref. 38, pp.6-9). This area included current day McDuffie County (in NE Georgia), which became heavily populated by Scotch-Irish over the next 10-years. Though the Creeks initially contested this occupation, by 1765 relations had been soothed, and Georgia became a desirable frontier for White settlement. As this coincided with the corrupt taxation schemes occurring in back-country NC at that time, many NC frontiersmen chose to try their luck in a new colony. One such person was Quaker Joseph Maddock, who had built a mill on the Eno River near our Whitsetts. In 1766, a group of Regulators met at this mill to "discuss their grievances and decide on a course of action" (Ref. 37, p.3). Perhaps our John Whitsett, Sr. was among them? This enraged Gov. Tyron, who sent a militia to arrest Maddock. Though Maddock managed to avoid the arrest, shortly after, he and another prominent Quaker, Johnathan Sell, applied for a 12,000-acre land grant in the future Wrightsboro area of McDuffie Co., GA. Late in 1767, they led a group of about 10 families from Orange Co., NC on the 330-mile SW journey following the now complete Great Wagon Road to Augusta, GA (Ref 39, p.298). 

Cession 2, bounded on the north by the Little River and William's Creek (Ref. 37, pp.3-4) was at the NW corner of current day McDuffie Co., GA. Warren and Wilkes counties lie to its west and north respectively. The initial Wrightsboro settlement (red circle) encompassed an area south as far as Brier's Creek (near Camak) and as far north as the Little River treaty line.

By Dec of 1768, seventy new Quaker families had arrived, with many more expected, and they petitioned the Royal Government to set aside additional lands as far east as Germany Creek (Ref. 37, pp.3-5). John Whitsett, Sr. and family were likely a part of these new arrivals, for on 25 Oct 1768, he sold his land in Orange Co. to Benjamin Stone. Then, in Feb 1769, the Maddock group petitioned for additional lands "on both sides Germany Creek", as well as a request to survey 1000-acres for the future town of Wrightsboro on a "proper spot". Both John Whitsett, Sr. and his adult son John Jr., signed this petition. By 2 May 1769, a wagon road (now called Old Quaker Rd.) connecting Augusta, GA and Wrightsboro was completed (Ref. 40, p.6). While settlers waited for their grants to be finalized and surveyed, many stopped temporarily at a place on Sweetwater Creek called Maddocks or Quaker Springs, probably just east of the town of Thomson today. Town lots in Wrightboro began to be granted on 3 Jul 1770, and both John Whitsett, Sr. and Jr. were awarded grants of 200 and 250 acres respectively (Ref. 40., pp.13-14) (Note 14).


Map showing Sweetwater Creek, branching off from Brier Creek, and leading northeastward up to Germany Creek. The original town of Maddocks, or Quaker Springs, was probably near here. Old Quaker Road (now called Stagecoach Rd in this section of GA) (Ref. 40, p.7) was just to the north of this area and the town of Wrightsboro was also about 12 miles NW of here.

Unfortunately for these non-militant Quaker settlers, the peace established with the Creek peoples was short lived. As with so many times before, as soon as a treaty line was established, White settlers began to push up against its bounds once again, causing new contentions (Ref. 38, p.7). Marauding bands of Indians fought back by continually stealing horse and cattle, resulting in great hardship for the fledgling settlement (Ref. 40, p.7). So much so that by 1771, 25 Quaker families had chosen to leave the young community and return to Orange Co. Our Whitsetts appear to have been part of those who chose to flee, for by 17 Nov 1770, John Whitsett, Sr. was back in Orange Co., NC, (though later to become Alamance Co.). There he warranted land on the "Back Creek branch of the Haw River", about 20 miles SW of his previous land holding and just east of current day town of Haw River, NC (Ref. 16, p.36) (Note 15). This put him back in Orange Co., NC just as the Regulator Battle of Alamance was about to occur. Soon, two of his younger sons, Samuel and James, purchased land just south of him there as well. 

1893 Map of Alamance Co., NC (part of Orange Co. until 1849) overlayed with the current Google map available through: North Carolina Maps: Historic Overlay Maps. The approximate area of John Whitsitt, Sr.'s property on Back Creek is circled in orange. Note that the original Hillsborough (and Mebane) Road follows current Bason Rd. to the west near Green Level, and Mebane Rogers Rd. to the east near Woodlawn. However, the original road intersection was well south of the current crossing, and following the construction of the dam that created the Back Creek Reservoir in 1991, part of the original homestead is now likely underwater.

Land Warrant for John Whitsett Sr., sign 17 Nov 1770, for land in Orange Co., NC "on both sides of Back Creek", bounded by the land of James Hart and John Logue.

Once again, John Whitsett, Sr. would have a front row seat to the unrest about to unfold, as the battle occurred just 14 miles to the SW. Seeking to quell the Regulator movement for good, Gov. Tyrone began marching a militia towards Hillsboro in March of 1771. By mid-May, he received word of a Regulator camp near Burlington, NC, on the banks of the Alamance Creek. The Regulators were about 2,000 men strong, compared to the 1,000 men in Tyrone's militia. Furthermore, many of his militia were unenthused to be asked to fire on their fellow Carolinians. However, many of the Regulators were Quakers who were not even armed, and whose creed of non-violence caused them to flee the field when the fighting began. After 2 hours, Tyrone had won, and the governor then allowed his militia to pillage the nearby countryside, burning crops and farms and arresting men in their wake. Some historical scholars consider this battle to be a foreshadowing of the tensions that were building in the colonies as the outbreak of the Revolutionary War approached. Certainly, it was the first time blood was shed on a battlefield between the British and Americans (Ref.42, p.67).

Historic site of the Battle of Alamance that took place on 16 May 1771. The location can be toured today through the Alamance Battleground Friends, Inc. group.

Before the Whitsetts had even left for Georgia, John Sr.'s oldest 2 sons, John Whitsett, Jr. (b. 1743, direct line) and James, had come of age, and just before leaving they were both married. John Whitsett, Jr. married Sarah Thompson, the daughter of Lawrence Thompson, (Sr.). Sarah's family had also lived in Lancaster Co., PA prior to NC, and were likely Quakers who had been in the colonies since before the 1700s. When this young couple left for GA in late 1768, their first child, Sibella, would have still been a babe in arms, likely carried through the wilderness on horseback by her mother. Their second child, James (b.1770, direct line) was born a little over a year after arriving in Wrightsboro. The land they purchased was on Mill Creek, and it seems likely thar John Whitsett, Jr. was ready to take on the family business of millwork at this point. However, in 1772, after 3 years of frequent raids by the Creeks, with initially very little help from the colonial government (Ref.37, p.6), John and Sarah sold their land and also returned to NC, to a place about 25 miles north of his father in what is now Caswell Co. (Note 16).

Approximate location of John Whitsett, Jr.'s property in Wrightsboro, GA, on a course of water then called Mill Creek. His father's surveyed land was just west of his, though it is uncertain whether or not John, Sr. ever actually lived there.


1807 re-survey of Wrightsboro (most of this plan was never actually realized). John Whitsett, Sr. was granted lot 73 and John Whitsett, Jr. was granted lot 35. Though the grant was finalized on 3 Jul 1770, John Sr. had left the colony for Orange Co., NC by Nov. of 1770 and was listed as absent on May 1771 (Ref. 16, p.36). John Jr. managed to sell his property before leaving, but had returned to Orange Co. by 1772.

In the final years leading up to the Revolutionary War, John Whitsett, Sr.'s remaining son, William, came of age as well and married a Thompson sister, just like our John Jr. Though there are no records of his older sons, James and Samuel, as having fought in the Revolutionary War themselves, there are pay vouchers from 1781-1783 reimbursing them for crops and livestock that they provided to the troops. Meanwhile, the Thompson line that John Whitsett, Jr. and his younger brother William married into did become involved in the war effort. By this time, at least some of the Thompsons had converted to Presbyterianism, which did not hold to the pacifist beliefs of the Quakers. The wives of William and John - Sarah & Mary, also had a brother named Lawrence Thompson, Jr. (b.1753) who was near in age to William, and seems to have been a close associate. And Lawrence would end up taking an early part in the Revolutionary War effort.

The Battle of Lexington (in Middlesex Co., MA), 19 Apr 1775

North Carolina was in no way the only colony that was beginning to find British taxes on colonists to be insufferable. Ever since the French & Indian War had ended, Britain had been gradually increasing the tax burden on the colonists through acts such as 1765 Stamp Act and the 1767 Townshend Act. The French & Indian war had created large debts, and England felt this was a legitimate way of having the colonist contribute to the maintenance of the British Empire. However, while the colonists were able to elect representatives to their colonial governments, they had no avenue for creating similar representation for their concerns to the British Parliament. For this reason, they felt they were being unjustly taxed without representation, and as the taxes continued to increase, they became less and less willing to submit. One of the final straws for the colonist was when the British Parliament passed the Tea Act in 1773, leading to the Boston Tea Party in Dec of that same year. As any Hamilton musical lover knows, "Look, when Britain taxed our tea, we got frisky. Imagine what gon’ happen when you try to tax our whisky."

"The able Doctor", a 1774 Patriot cartoon depicting the Coercive Acts as the forcing of tea on a Native American woman (seen as a symbol of the American colonies). This image was copied and distributed throughout the Thirteen Colonies leading up to the war.

When word of this insurrection reached Britain in Jan 1774, the British Parliament swiftly responded by signing a series of Coercive Acts (known as the Intolerable Acts in the colonies). For the colonists, the most egregious of these decrees was the Massachusetts Government Act, signed in May 1774, which dissolved the 1691 colonial charter of MA and took control of the colonial government back under direct control of the British Crown through royally appointed Governor Thomas Gage. Gage was given sole authority to appoint civil officials, who had previously been selected by colonist election. It also forbade the colonists from holding town meetings without his express consent. Though the British government had hoped that these acts would serve to isolate political "radicals" and eradicate their sentiments from their elected assemblies, these were instead perceived as so harsh that they further solidified the colonist's opposition to British rule. In response, the separate colonial state governments organized for the first time as a united front when they sent delegates to Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress in Sep 1774. 


The First Continental Congress, 1774, by Allyn Cox. The additional image on the left depicts a colonist making a tax payment, representing "taxation without representation", while that on the right depicts a soldier blocking the path of a woman and child, representing the armed occupation of MA by the British military.

Not yet ready to call for war, this first congress ended with a Declaration of Resolves, which sought to boycott British goods until colonist grievances were addressed. Additionally, the colony of MA chose to form an independent Provincial Government, in direct conflict with the orders of Govenor Gage. King George was unmoved by the colonist demands, however, and retaliated in Feb 1775 by declaring Massachusetts to be in a state of open rebellion, a declaration which allowed British soldiers to shoot at suspected rebels on sight. In response, a sudden flurry of activity to secure British military supplies on American soil ensued. While these munitions had previously been made available for the joint effort of protecting the colonist from Native American attacks, they were now an obvious touchstone of the British-American tensions that were reaching a breaking point. Colonial Massachusetts militias began to stockage weapons, gun powder, and other military supplies in Concord, MA. Anticipating that this site would eventually be attacked by British troops, efforts to assemble a defensive army began. The colonist fears were soon born out, for on the night of April 18, 1775, the British Army stationed in Boston began to approach Concord by way of Lexington, MA.

Paul Revere's Midnight Ride from Boston to Concord to alert the militia minutemen of the impending British attack

The resulting Battles of Lexington and Concord are considered the first military actions of the Revolutionary War. News of the attack reached North Carolina by horseback a month later when a lone courier entered the village of Charlotte, NC to inform its inhabitants of what had occurred (Ref 42, p.69). The report was startling, but not unexpected, and from there things began to move very quickly. 
Mecklenburg County, like many areas of western North Carolina, had large pockets of Scotch-Irish settlers who offered full-fledged support for the causes of the American colonists. By the next day, the colony began drafting the Mecklenburg Resolves, which formally "annulled and vacated all laws originating from the authority of the King or Parliament" and ended recognition of the Crown's power in the colony. Though many other local governments would soon issue similar resolves of their own, North Carolina became the first colony to do so formally. Within a week and a half, they began organizing a county level militia as well, and many other NC counties soon followed. Finally, NC created its first colony-wide militia on 1 Sep 1775 when it established the 1st NC Regiment, of which, Lawrence Thompson, Jr. was made 1st Lieutenant. A year later, he was promoted to Captain (Ref 43, p.122).

Lexington Common, 19 Apr 1775, by Don Troiani

The first battle action these troops would see occurred at Great Cane Break, in three and a half months' time, after their march to Greenville Co., SC. This was fought not against British troops, but rather against Loyalist/Tory Americans who sided with the Crown. The same would be the case at least twice more as well. Then, in March of 1776, they did finally encounter the British Navy while occupying Fort Johnson in Brunswick Co., SC, which the British had previously abandoned. Their regiment would stay in the south until early Sept 1777, after which they made their way to Pennsylvania. While in PA, they fought 2 important battles that Lawrence Thompson served as captain for - Brandywine Creek and Germantown. Then, on 1 Jun 1778, the 1st NC Regiment was reorganized into 9 companies before heading off into NJ and NY, at which point Lawrence Thompson retired just shy of 3 years of service. (This was actually a fairly long stint for early on in the war effort when concerns about the dangers of a standing army kept service terms as short as 1 year). He was lucky that he retired when he did, because in 1780, the entire regiment was captured in the Siege of Charleston.

Troop movements during the Revolutionary War. Though the first 3 years of the war was focused primarily on battlefields of the north, the Southern theater still played an important role in tamping down pockets of Loyalist throughout the south, particularly in SC.

Organized military activity in the south collapsed for a time after the defeat at Charleston. It was then made even worse by the defeat at the Battle of Camden in Aug of that same year, leaving North Carolina open to British attack. Carolinians retreated to guerilla style warfare, which did not win them back any ground, but did prevent the British Loyalists from controlling the countryside they sought to capture. Until the Battle of Kings Mountain in Oct 1780 that is, in which militia men on the TN/NC boarder were able to bring about a decisive military defeat against the larger forces of the Loyalists, and which is considered by many to be a turning point in the war. (Discussed in my Bean post here.) Finally, in Dec 1780, Nathaniel Greene arrived in Charlotte to serve as Gen. Washington's newly appointed general for the Southern theater. Greene, originally a Quaker from RI, had left his pacifist faith in the prelude to the war and went on to become one of the war's most successful officers. Through his efforts, the 1st NC Regiment was reestablished and ready for Battle by Jan of 1781. And this is when our ancestor, John Whitsett, Jr., joined up with the war effort as well, during which he served as a Capt. for the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in Mar 1781 (Note 17). 

General Greene at Guilford by Dale Gallon

The war finally came to an end in 1783. Washington gave the order to directly disband soldiers from the field on Jun 2, and the Treaty of Paris was signed on Sep 3. So now there were about 230,000 soldiers, or their remaining family at least, who needed to be paid for their service. As with most states, however, NC treasuries were cash poor, but land rich (as long as you ignored the indigenous peoples already living there at least). Though it took Congress many years to work out all the details, this war service would eventually lead many North Carolinians to bounty land grants in Middle TN (Note 18). John Whitsett, Jr. seems to have taken this path in about the fall of 1786, a few months after his father in Orange Co. died. Lawrence Thompson, Jr. and his family seem to have left at about the same time, as did John's younger brother William's family (Note 19).

Likely location of John Whitsitt's land, residing "on both sides of Smith's Fork, a branch of the Caney fork", about 45 miles NE of Nashville, TN near Smith Thompson Rd.

When John and Sarah (Thompson) Whitsitt, Jr. arrived in TN in early 1787, they were the parents of at least 8 children, all of whom were still minors living at home. This would not be the case for long, however. Their oldest son, James Thompson Whitsett, Sr. (b.1770, direct line) reached 17 years of age shortly after arriving, and his eldest sister, Sibella, would marry within the next 3 years. One of this family line's claims to fame is their 6th child, Elizabeth Whitsett (b.1780). In 1899, at the age of 21, Elizabeth would marry Joel Childress. Four years later, she would become the mother of Sarah Childress, who would one day become First Lady of the United States of America through her husband, James Knox Polk. Meanwhile, our ancestor James married Margaret "Peggy" Howell (b.1778) in 1797, the daughter of John Howell, III, whose family had also come to NC from PA in the 1750s, and who also served in the Revolutionary War.

Elizabeth (Whitsitt) Childress (b.1780)

Sarah (Childress) & James K. Polk (circa 1845)

James and Margaret initially settled in Wilson Co., TN, which was created from the SW portion of Sumner Co. in 1799, south of the Cumberland River on Pond Lick Creek. Together they had at least 9 children, and their second to youngest son, James Thompson Whitsitt, Jr. (b.1816) is our direct line. James Sr. began serving as an Ensign for the Sumner Co. Infantry Regiment in late 1794. In the War of 1812, he served as a cavalry volunteer under Capt. Barnhart as part of the 1st Regiment of Western TN. It is unclear whether or not this entitled him to a bounty land grant for his service, however, given that it required at least 5 years of service. The terms for these grants were much stricter than those for the Revolutionary War soldiers had been. They could only be used in Arkansas, Illinois, or Missouri until 1842, could not be bought or sold, and allowed an applicant to select land only by district, not specific plot. Perhaps for one or all of these reasons, our James Whitsett, Sr. does not seem to have applied for a military land grant after his service. Instead, sometime after June of 1818, he sold his TN property and took part in the "Alabama Fever" that was sweeping the South at that time. He traveled with his unmarried brother Lawrence, and they are said to have taken their aging parents with them as well.

Although the exact location of Pond Lick Creek in Wilson Co., TN is now unknown, most of the families the Whitsett's associated with during this time had land on Round Lick Creek, so likely it was a smaller branch somewhere off this main branch of the Cumberland River. The portion of Round Lick Creek that lies within Wilson County during the 1804 tax list they are recorded on is between current day Hwy. 40 and Sparta Pike.


After the Revolutionary War, the area that would become AL was initially organized into the Old Southwest Territory bounded by the Mississippi River on the west, GA to the east, and the Ohio River to the North. After GA ceded its western lands to the US in 1802, the area that now comprises both MS and AL became known as the Mississippi Territory. At that time, it was also the homeland of many indigenous populations, most notably the Muscogee Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee. A portion of the Muscogee Creek peoples, who would soon become known as the Upper Creeks or "Red Sticks", were very opposed to US territorial expansion and the "plan of civilization" the US was trying to implement on their culture. Once the War of 1812 with the British broke out, the Upper Creeks aligned with the British, while the Cherokee, Choctaw, and Lower Creek tried to align themselves with the protection of the US. This internal conflict eventually broke out into the Creek War, fought mainly along the eastern edge of modern Alabama from 1813-1814. The state of TN raised an army of 5,000 soldiers (half from the west and half from the east) to fight in this war, which ended on 27 Mar 1814 at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, during which the Upper Creeks were decisively defeated and forced to cede their lands at the Treaty of Fort Jackson.


Signing of the Treaty of Fort Jackson on 9 Aug 1814 between Gen. Andrew Jackson and Creek leader William Weatherford

With large swaths of land now available for White settlement, a land grab began for the fertile soil in this region, known to be capable of supporting cotton cultivation. The tobacco trade of earlier generations was drying up by this point (see my Reeves line post), and the new invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 had revolutionized the cotton industry. There was much money to be made here, particularly for those willing to use slave labor to acquire it. Land patents in AL began being issued as early as 1817. Additionally, both the electoral college system and the rule of 2 senators per state created a strong political incentive in the south to increase the number of slave-holding states. For this reason, the Mississippi territory was split in two in 1817, and Alabama officially became a state in 1819. By this point, there were already about 125,000 settlers in the state, about 1/3 of whom were Black slaves.

An overseer among slaves on the cotton fields of the south, circa 1850s

I would love to report here that our Whitsitt line was not in any way involved with this disturbing and unfortunate practice, but that would not be true. Certainly, the Thompson line that John Whitsett, Jr. married into owned many slaves, and when his wife Sarah (Thompson) Whitsitt's father Lawrence died in 1790, she was bequeathed a young female slave named Fanny. John Whitsitt and his brother-in-law, Azariah Thompson, also seem to have purchased several negros from Lawrence Thompson, Sr.'s estate shortly after his death. Additionally, John, Jr.'s son Lawrence Whitsett, who died unmarried in AL in 1836, owned 37 slaves on the 1830 census! Our direct ancestor, James Whitsett, Sr., was shown as owning 10 slaves on the 1830 Greene Co., AL census.; 6 males and 4 females, ranging in age from less than 10 to 54 years of age. The family of his wife, Margaret "Peggy" Howell, also owned several slaves. James' father, John Whitsett, Jr., passed away not long after their arrival in Alabama. At the time of their settlement, which was just SE of Havana, AL, it was a part of Greene Co., AL, but after the Civil War it became a part of Hale Co.


John and Sarah (Thompson) Whitsitt were buried on the farm of his brother-in-law and sister, Robert & Keziah (Whitsett) Williamson, next to his other brother-in-law and sister, Josiah & Mary (Whitsitt) Perry, located in about 2 miles SE of Havana, Hale Co., AL. The farm was later owned by the Avery family. Perhaps John and Sarah lived with Robert and Keziah in their final years?

Map showing the Whitsitt-Perry Cemetery (highlighted in yellow) where John & Sarah (Thompson) Whitsitt were laid to rest. It is located in the SW corner of Twp. 22N, Range 5E, Section 17. (See Note 20). 

James, Sr. and Margaret (Howell) Whitsitt settled about 20 miles further south, however, just NW of the future town of Newbern. As one of the first settlers in this area, he had the privilege of naming the creek he settled on as Whitsitt Creek. The road to what was likely the original homestead, off Co. Rd. 16, still carries the name Whitsitt Loop, though it is mainly a collection of trailer homes now. There is also an unincorporated town named Whitsitt 3 miles further west, though it does not appear to contain much more than a few farms and some rural fisheries. As James Whitsitt, Sr.'s sons came of age, his oldest two sons, John C. and William H., also began to purchase land in this area. John C. Whitsitt in particular was prolific, purchasing over 80 plots of land between 1835-1841. On the 1860 census, he owned 201 slaves!!

Location of James & Margaret (Howell) Whitsitt's property near Newbern, Hale Co., AL

In 1830, Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, set to begin enforcement in 1831. The area the Whitsitt's inhabited had been Choctaw land prior to 1816, but by 1830, only a small portion of Choctaw land in central western AL still remained. At its height in the early 1700s, it was a nation of about 90,000 people, spread over most of the state of MS and into western AL. However, by 1830, war and disease had dwindled it down to a population of only about 20,000. Because the Choctaw had been one of Americans most faithful allies during the War of 1812, the Red Stick War, and the Battle of New Orleans, the US government chose to try to treaty with them regarding the Removal Act in a way that they hoped could be used as a model for other Indian nations. The Choctaw were thus given a choice - they could either stay in MS and become US citizens, thus losing the right to govern themselves by their traditional laws, or they could remove themselves to the Indian territory that would be set aside for them in the SE corner of Oklahoma where they could continue to govern themselves as before. About 3/4 of the population chose this latter option, and the path they followed is now known as the Trail of Tears. After the removal completed, the area of AL was reorganized into Sumter County and White settlers quickly began moving in. John C. Whitsitt was one of these first settlers, establishing himself near Gainsville, AL in 1835. Sometime before 1839, his younger brother, James Whitsitt, Jr. (b. 1816, our direct ancestor) seems to have joined him there, for that is where he met his future bride, Elizabeth Winston (b.1823).

The Choctaw Nation began the journey to their new land in the fall of 1831. Despite promises of travel aid by the US government, food, shelter, and medicine were inadequate, and at least 25% of the first wave died enroute.

Elizabeth Winston's family had also come to Alabama during the "Alabama Fever" years, and like James Whitsitt, Jr., had a family line which had served in both the War of 1812 and the Revolutionary War. Prior to the formation of Sumter Co., her family had been living in Franklin Co., AL and owned 41 slaves on the 1830 census. Before they had even had their first child, James and Elizabeth Whitsitt were recorded as owning 16 slaves on the 1840 census, so they seem to have been well off. For some reason, though, their first known child was not born until 1847, several years after they had been married, but perhaps they had other children before this time that did not live. They named their first healthy child after James' older brother, John C. Whitsitt, who had no doubt played a big role in his life, especially given that both of their parents died between 1840-1843 while he was still a young man. This first child of theirs was born in the midst of the Mexican-American War, which broke out in the Republic of Texas on 25 Apr 1846. James Whitsitt, Jr. seems to have participated in this war (Note 21), as was the case for many Alabamians. 


Cotton Plantation of the Southern Colonies prior to the Civil War

Mexico had won its independence from Spain in 1821, however, its new colonial government was still too weak to effectively control its northern and western most borders with the United States. In an attempt to better secure these areas, Mexico began granting generous immigration terms to Empresarios (entrepreneurs) who were willing to organize the recruitment of at least 200 settlers to an agreed upon area. The economic downturn in the US between 1819-1821, due to the end of the Napoleonic Wars, made this an attractive prospect for many Americans in the cotton belt and over 100,000 Americans chose to take up this offer. Things got tense, however, when Mexico outlawed slavery in 1829. The economic success of southern agriculture at this time relied upon the free labor that slavery provided. The Anglo-American colonists of Tejas (Texas) were enraged, and by 1836, went to arms and declared their independence from Mexico. After an early loss at the Battle of Alamo, the Anglo-Americans were ultimately successful, and in 1845, Texas accepted an offer by the US congress for annexation as the 28th state. Mexico did not agree, however, and war with America broke out a year later.

Boundary line between Mexico and the US as established between Spain and the US Congress in 1821 under the Adams administration.

A few months after the Americans captured Mexico City following the Battle of Chapultepec in Sept 1847, peace treaty negotiations began. Though it may have been possible for America to acquire the entirety of Mexico after its decisive victory, the Whig party of the north, who had recently won the presidency, largely opposed this on racial grounds. This allowed the Mexican government to effectively play the Southern Democrats and Whigs off one another during negotiations. In the end, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on 2 Feb 1848, with Mexico ceding 55% of its territory to the United States. In about 1848, likely not long after his return from the war, James Jr. and Elizabeth Whitsitt relocated to Kemper Co., MS, near the future town of Scooba. Our direct line ancestor, William Henry Whitsitt (b.1849), was born a year later. 

Territory in white shows the land relinquished by the Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

On the 1850 census, James Whitsitt, Jr. was listed as a merchant, and their family owned 3 slaves. He and Elizabeth also had a 20-year-old clerk named William Felts living with them, as well as their 2 young sons, John C. and William Henry. James does not seem to have owned the land he lived on for this census, and was probably living on one of the many properties of his brother, John C. Whitsitt, near Scooba, MS where he is buried (note 22). Unfortunately, many of the men in this generation of the family seem to have died at a relatively young age. James Whitsitt, Jr. was no exception, passing in 1858 at the age of only 42 from causes unknown. His wife, Elizabeth, was left with 3 young children, and the family likely fell on hard times at this point. In 1860, she was still living in Kemper County with her 3 children, aged 4 to 13. The family no longer owned slaves and Elizabeth herself was listed as not having an occupation. Within a year of this census, the Civil War broke out, and as none of the children were old enough yet to join up, we lose track of the family for a time. Elizabeth herself is not found again, but whether she died or remarried is unknown, and the same is true for her youngest child Betty Whitsitt. In 1870, her oldest son, John, is found working as a clerk in Scooba and living with the James Harden family. Meanwhile, our ancestor William is found in Caddo Parish, LA in 1872 when he married Mary Elizzie Waddel at the age of 22.

Old Scooba Cemetery in Kemper, MS, previously a part of William Cannon's plantation

Grave marker for James T. Whitsitt (b.1816, d.1858)

William and Mary had a son together, but unfortunately Mary died just a year later. Shortly after this, William moved across the state line to Harrison County, TX, near the city of Marshall. Prior to the civil war, this county had been a center for cotton plantations and held the highest number of slaves in the state. Many major stagecoach lines ran through the city, and thus it became a natural place to build one of the state's first railroads lines as well in the early 1870s. The ensuing population explosion brought many new businesses and job seekers to the area, including our William Whitsitt. Before long, he remarried to a young bride named Sallie Pickett Terry (b.1861) from the nearby town of Waskom. Sallie seems to have come from a difficult past herself. Her father left her mother in 1867 with 4 young children, placing her family on the welfare rolls. Sallie was 6 years old at the time and by age 17 when they married, she may not have had a lot of options. William was 12 years her senior, and just over a year later they had their first of 4 children together. Their youngest sadly died as an infant in 1788. Their second child, William Henry Whitsitt, Jr. (b. 1882), was our direct ancestor.


The city of Marshall within Harrison County, TX

Another unfortunate event befell the family in 1894 when William H. Whitsitt, Jr. was 12 years old. According to family, William H. Whitsitt, Sr. worked as a sheriff's deputy. He was patrolling one night when he came upon a group of about 5 young men who were drunk and causing quite a commotion. When Willaim tried to break the rabbel up, one of the men pulled a gun and shot at him. The shot missed, and William shot back at the young man in turn, delivering a fatal blow. Unfortunately for all involved, it would turn out that this young rabbel rouser had been the sheriff's son, who saw to it that William was arrested for 2nd degree murder. Though the family also states that the case never went to trial and was dismissed as self-defense, the Convict and Conduct Register from Huntsville, Walker County, TX show that he was sentenced to 5 years in prison on Sept 12, 1894, and was not pardoned until Dec 25, 1898. After his release, he worked for a time as a carpenter, but was eventually admitted back onto the police force in 1910.

William and Sallie (Terry) Whitsitt are buried at the Greenwood Cemetery in Marshall, TX

By the time William H. Whitsitt, Jr. came of age, his father was out of prison and hopefully life had settled down again. Though perhaps not, because though he first married a woman from his town named Francis Bright, by a little over a year, they had both split and remarried. (Quite unusual, given that the divorce rate in TX at that time was only about 0.4%!) His second marriage, in 1904, at the age of 21, was to Ruby Rebecca Pace (b.1885), the daughter of local judge John William Pace and also the daughter of her mother's half-sister(!), Martha Ann (Terry) Pace. Keeping it in the family, I guess! This couple had an interesting marriage history as well. They started off typically enough with a family of 4; two girls followed by two boys, all born within the city of Marshall, Harrison, TX. Their oldest daughter, Eva Mae Whitsitt (b.1904), was our direct ancestor. William Jr. worked for the Texas & Pacific Railway company, first as a pumper (the operator of a pump trolley used for maintenance) and then as an air braker. In about 1915, however, he and Ruby divorced, and both went on to remarry again just before WWI began. Ruby married a doctor, Green L. Scott, and went with him to Oklahoma where he was practicing medicine in Wilson, Choctaw, OK. The kids remained with William in TX, however, where he remarried to a woman named Sidney V. Kee, and went on to start a new family with 6 more kids.

The Texas & Pacific Railway Station (T&P Depot) of Marshall, TX was built in 1912 and at one time was the headquarters for the railway's eastern district. After closing in the 1970s, it was reopened by the community in the 1990s as a museum and local train station.

Ruby R. Pace went on to sew her wild oats for several more years. Though she had only one more child after her first marriage with William ended, she went on to marry 4 more times between 1917 and 1944 (ages 32-58). Tragically, her youngest son, Floyd L. Scott, died in a plane crash in 1939. Meanwhile, by 1927, William H. Whitsitt, Jr. had left behind his work in the railroad industry, and moved his family to Houston, TX where he began work as a machinist for the automobile industry. The Great Depression took place during these years, however, and seems to have been particularly hard on the Whitsitt family. Though the economic crash began in 1929, the unemployment rate did not hit its peak of 25% until 1933, and did not fall below 10% again until the WW2 effort began in 1941. Though it does not elaborate as to why, the 1940 census lists William Jr. as unable to work, and instead, lists his son, Clifford, as taking part in one of President Roosevelt's New Deal Emergency Work Programs. Through some twist of fate we may never know, 2 years after the war ended, William and Ruby found their way back to one another and were remarried on 11 Mar 1947 at the ages of 64 and 61. They were living in Washington DC at the time, perhaps for military reasons. William passed away just over a month later on 26 Apr 1947.

Ruby Rebecca (Pace) Whitsitt (b.1885-d.1975)

Grave marker for Ruby Rebecca (Pace) Whitsitt in the Fairview Cemetery of Marshall, TX

Our Whitsitt line in America finally ends well over 200 years after it started with William and Ruby's daughter Eva Mae Whitsitt. After her parent's divorce when she was about age 10, and then her father's remarriage a couple years later in about 1917, Eva and her 3 younger siblings were raised by her father and stepmother, Sidney V. (Kee). By the time she married Jesse H. Smith in 1924 at the age of 18, 4 more half-siblings had been added to the mix. They exchanged vows in the Marshall, Harrison, TX home of her grandfather, William H. Whitsitt, Sr., and then left the next day for Houston where her new husband worked for Union Sulphur. Sadly, this marriage was not to have a happy ending either. According to family, Jesse left her while she was pregnant with their first child, a girl, which she gave up for adoption. She then went to live with her aunt Sallie (Pace) Whitsitt, also in Houston by then, and for a time she worked as a stenographer in the insurance industry. She remarried in 1930 at the age of 25 to Ellsworth Franklin Seaman, Sr., and though they lived in Houston, TX originally, they eventually moved to Washington D.C., where Ellsworth worked as an electrical engineer for the government. The had one child together, Ellsworth F. Seaman, Jr. (b.1931), our paternal grandfather. According to her obituary, during WW2 she was Private Secretary to the Secretary of Treasury.



Notes (cont. from Part 1)

(back to Main Menu)

14) This is our best evidence yet that the Whitsetts were Quakers. According to Davis in Ref. 40, p.10, "Except as specifically noted in the list, none but Quakers received grants in the town and township prior to the Revolution." Baker reaches a similar conclusion in Ref. 37, p.24 (as well as the mention of another Whitsett named Joseph - perhaps another son?). Although Davis does mention the inclusion of non-Quakers in the settlement as well for the purpose of military protection (pp.17-18), our Whitsetts are specifically called out as being included with the Quakers. (See also Mcbrayer, J. G. (2018). WRIGHTSBORO: THE CHALLENGE OR PRESERVING A LATE 1700s RURAL QUAKER COMMUNITY. https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/mcbrayer_john_g_201812_mhp.pdf) That said, I have yet to find mention of them in any Quaker Monthly Meeting records, so it remains an open question.

15) Interestingly, there is another Back Creek that connects with the Burlington Rd. at the small town of Whitsett, NC, in Guilford Co., NC (part of Orange Co. until 1770), which just happens to be the birthplace of William Thornton Whitsett, a notable descendent of this line. It got its name due to the Whitsett Institute, which helped to develop the area during its operation from 1884-1919.

16) John Whitsett, Sr. had at least 4 sons: John Jr., James, Samuel, and William, but land records in Orange Co., NC have only been found for 2 of them during this time period: James and Samuel, both on the Back Creek of the Haw River like their father. We do not find any land record for John, Jr. settling in this same area after returning from GA in 1772, however, in 1777, we find a tax record for him in the Glouchester District of Caswell Co., NC, which was formed from the northern portion of Orange Co. that same year. Possibly, this was near the same Hyco Creek area he and his family had been from before leaving for GA, and was only about 25 miles from the land of his father.

I have a suspicion, however, that John, Jr. and his father may have had a falling out about their differing feelings regarding Quaker pacifism at this time. This was happening in many Quaker households as settlers faced the realities of living unprotected on the frontier. Additionally, although many Quakers in the south owned slaves up until the 1750s (those in the north tended to use indentured servants instead), between 1750-1776, the issue became hotly contested within the faith and was the cause of much congregational friction. Though no clear record of slave ownership in our direct line exists before this, the Thompson line that John Whitsett, Jr. married into definitely owned slaves, and later lines of our Whitsett's did as well, so this may have been another factor.

17) My reason for assuming this John Whiteside/Whitsett is the same as ours is that the person who attested to his service in military records was John Allison, Jr., a man born in 1762 in the same area just north of Hillsboro, NC, and this is where he is said to have volunteered under John Whiteside as well. Additionally, his cousin, Grizella Allison, seems to have married Laurence Thompson, Jr.'s cousin, John Thompson. 

On the other hand, for the land that John Whitsett, Jr. obtained in Davidson Co., TN (now Sumner Co.) in 1787, John listed as an "assignee of the heirs of Pvt. William Cane" (File No. 949, Grant No. 967, Military Warrant No. 2118). This would suggest that rather than having been awarded a grant himself, he purchased one from someone else, and may not have been the soldier who earned it. Military grants were often bought and sold many times this way, however, and it is possible that he did this in order to obtain a more desirable location, while selling his original grant to someone else.

18) European settlement of Middle TN was first established by French fur traders in 1714 at a site along the Cumberland River then known as French Lick, but which later became Nashville. Though the trading fort itself did not last long, longhunters began to further explore the area in the 1750-60s. True White settlement did not begin here until 1779-80, however, when John Donelson and James Robertson both led groups of about 300 settlers total to the same area, which they named Fort Nashborough. Title for the land had recently been purchased from the Cherokee by Richard Henderson (though this was contested by a faction led by Chief Dragging Canoe, who eventually became known as the Chickamauga Cherokee.) From 1780-1783, the North Carolina legislature enacted laws that established this area as a military reservation, and by 1784, began offering titles of transfer to individuals. Frequent Indian attacks kept the population low for the first couple years, but in 1786, it began to steadily increase. It was also this year that Sumner Co. was established from eastern Davidson Co. In 1787, a new road was built near Blesdoe's Lick, which helped to facilitate yet greater flows of settlers to the area (Ref 44). 

19) The first proof positive I have of our John Whitsett living in Sumner Co., TN (about 7 miles north of Blesdoe's Lick "on both sides of Smith's Fork, a branch of the Caney fork") occurs in Jul 1788 when he appears on the tax list. However, Ron Wall lists the survey for this land as occurring on 24 Feb 1787. Given that Lawrence Thompson appeared on Caney Fork in the Oct 1787 tax list as well, (though John Whitsitt did not), it seems likely that John arrived in late 1786 or early 1787 as well. Then, on 18 May 1789, he filed a military warrant for the land. In those times of western wanderlust, it was fairly common for a son to set off for a new area shortly after the estate of a father was settled. Though less common for the eldest who was usually the inheritor of the main homestead, which is another reason I wonder about a possible falling out. For whatever reason though, the land seems to have gone to his younger brother Samuel instead. Though it has been assumed that the lack of John's name on his father's estate sale listing meant he had already left before this, it could also mean he simply did not desire to burden himself down with more possessions before setting off on a 500-mile journey through the wilderness. Or that he was no longer welcome at his home.

After Lawrence Thompson, Sr. died in 1790, Lawrence Thompson, Jr. and William Whitsitt again moved with their families from TN into Madison Co., KY, near Fort Boonesboro.

20) There is a placard next to the headstones of Josiah & Mary (Whitsitt) Perry in the Havana Methodist Church Cemetry that discusses their original location on the Avery farm in 1997. However, there is no record of the Perrys or Whitsitts owning this land at the time of John's death in 1831. Rather, it was purchased by Robert Williamson, the husband of John's sister, Keziah Whitsett, in 1827. John's brother, Lawrence Whitsitt, owned the land bordering it to the south, and his sister Mary's husband, Josiah Perry, owned land just a bit further south still.  James Whitsitt, Sr. also purchased one plot of land in the area (in Sec 6) that he patented with a James Martin.

Interestingly, on the same day in Oct 1823 that James patented his land near Newbern, a William Whitsitt patented land in Sec 24 of the Havana area where Lawrence also settled. This does not appear to be the William H. who was the son of James Whitsitt, Sr., as he would have been only 18, and the legal age was still 21 at the time. As Lawrence remained unmarried, and there are no other male offspring to pass on the surname in that generation, perhaps there is another Whitsitt brother? I haven't been able to find anything else about him as yet though, and he was not mentioned in the estate settlement of Lawrence Whitsitt.

21) I have not been able to find an official primary source for this information, however, the MS State archives show that he was given a military headstone for his service based on information provided by the family. He is listed as a "prospect" on this record, which I assume means he is a possible, but not yet verified, soldier of the war. I see nothing on his grave headstone to show that this status was ever updated.

22) I can't find any records of a James Whitsitt/Whitsett/Whitsell/Whitsill acquiring a land grant in MS or on the 1848 or 1854 land rolls. On the other hand, both his brother John C. and William Howell Whitsett show up many times. John, in particular, owned land far and wide in the NE section of Kemper Co., including near the town of Scooba (Located in Township 11N, Route 18E, Sec 10, 15, 22 & 23 of Choctaw land). Sec 10 is very near where James' grave is located.



37) Baker, P. (1965). The Story of Wrightsboro. (Wrightsboro Restoration Foundation) 1768 -1964. https://hrcga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/The-Story-of-Wrightsboro.pdf

38) Coleman, K. (1958). The American Revolution in Georgia, 1763-1789. University of Georgia Press. https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti0000cole

39) Roberts, L. E. (1950). Quakers in Georgia: The Rise and Fall of the Wrightsborough Community. The Georgia Review, 4(4), 297–303. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41395001

40) Davis, R. S. (1986). Quaker records in Georgia : Wrightsborough, 1772-1793 : Friendsborough, 1776-1777. Augusta Genealogical Society. https://archive.org/details/quakerrecordsing0000davi

41) Whitley, E. J. R. (1978). Sumner County, Tennessee : abstracts of Will books 1 and 2 (1788-1842). Genealogical Pub. Co. https://archive.org/details/sumnercountytenn0000whit

42) Whitaker, W. E. (1974). Centennial history of Alamance County, 1849-1949. Alamance Co. Hist. Assoc. https://archive.org/details/centennialhistorwhit

43) Roster Of Soldiers From NC In The American Revolution. (1932). The NC Daughters of the American Revolution. https://archive.org/details/roster-of-soldiers-from-nc-in-the-revolutionary-war-1932-nc-daughters-of-the-american-revolution

44) Albright, E. (1909). Early history of Middle Tennessee. Brandon Printing Co. https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofmi00albr

45) Hahn, M. D. (Ed.). (1981). Old Cahaba Land Office Records & Military Warrants, 1817-1853. Old South Printing & Publ. Co. https://archive.org/details/HahnEdOldCahabaLandOfficeRecordsMilitaryWarrants181718531981


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